Analytical Testing
Analytical Testing
COA review, HPLC, LC-MS, mass spectrometry, chromatograms, and data interpretation.
32 articles
12 min · Jul 31, 2026
A Strategy for Peptide Sequence ConfirmationHow intact mass, MS/MS, peptide mapping, composition, and orthogonal methods combine to support peptide sequence identity.
10 min · Jul 31, 2026
Accuracy vs. Precision in Peptide TestingWhy closeness to the true value differs from repeatability and how both are evaluated in analytical validation.
11 min · Jul 31, 2026
Adduct Formation in Peptide Mass SpectrometryHow sodium, potassium, solvents, acids, and matrix components create additional peptide mass-spectral signals.
11 min · Jul 31, 2026
Amino Acid Analysis for Peptide CharacterizationHow hydrolysis, derivatization, separation, and detection are used to assess amino-acid composition and support peptide content.
11 min · Jul 31, 2026
Analytical Specificity for Peptide MethodsHow a method distinguishes the target peptide from impurities, degradants, excipients, and matrix components.
11 min · Jul 31, 2026
Chromatographic Resolution ExplainedHow resolution describes separation between peptide peaks and how selectivity, efficiency, and retention influence it.
12 min · Jul 31, 2026
Chromatography Fundamentals for Peptide AnalysisA foundational guide to retention, selectivity, efficiency, resolution, mobile phase, and stationary phase behavior in peptide chromatography.
11 min · Jul 31, 2026
Detector Linearity in Peptide AnalysisHow analytical response should relate to concentration and why residuals, weighting, and range matter more than correlation alone.
11 min · Jul 31, 2026
How to Interpret a Peptide HPLC ChromatogramA practical guide to chromatogram axes, retention time, peak area, resolution, integration, system suitability, and common artifacts.
12 min · Jul 31, 2026
How to Investigate an Unknown HPLC PeakAn evidence-based workflow for characterizing new or unexpected peaks in peptide testing.
12 min · Jul 31, 2026
How to Read a Peptide Certificate of AnalysisA field-by-field guide to peptide COAs, including identity, purity, assay, method details, specifications, signatures, and common warning signs.
14 min · Jul 31, 2026
HPLC Method Development for Peptide AnalysisA structured approach to defining method goals, screening columns, optimizing gradients, and resolving critical peptide impurities.
13 min · Jul 31, 2026
HPLC Peptide Purity Testing ExplainedHow reversed-phase HPLC separates peptide components, how chromatographic purity is calculated, and why method suitability matters.
11 min · Jul 31, 2026
Isotopic Distributions in Peptide Mass SpectrometryHow natural isotopes create peptide isotope envelopes and how monoisotopic and average masses differ.
12 min · Jul 31, 2026
LC-MS vs. MALDI-TOF for Peptide CharacterizationHow LC-MS and MALDI-TOF differ in ionization, workflow, quantitation, impurity profiling, throughput, and peptide identity testing.
12 min · Jul 31, 2026
Limit of Detection and Limit of QuantitationHow LOD and LOQ are established for peptide methods and why visual detection is different from reliable quantitation.
10 min · Jul 31, 2026
Mass Accuracy in Peptide Mass SpectrometryHow calibration, resolution, charge assignment, and processing affect the difference between observed and theoretical peptide mass.
11 min · Jul 31, 2026
Mass Deconvolution in Peptide AnalysisHow software converts multiply charged peptide spectra into neutral-mass results and where processing errors can occur.
12 min · Jul 31, 2026
Mass Spectrometry for Peptide IdentityHow peptide mass spectrometry works, how charge states are interpreted, and what intact mass can and cannot prove.
12 min · Jul 31, 2026
MS/MS Fragmentation of PeptidesHow peptide ions fragment in tandem mass spectrometry and how product-ion series support sequence interpretation.
11 min · Jul 31, 2026
Peak Integration in HPLCHow chromatographic software defines peak boundaries and why controlled integration is essential for credible peptide purity results.
11 min · Jul 31, 2026
Peak Tailing and Fronting in Peptide HPLCWhy chromatographic peaks become asymmetric and how overload, secondary interactions, and system effects alter peptide results.
11 min · Jul 31, 2026
Peptide Charge States in Electrospray Mass SpectrometryWhy peptides form multiple charged ions and how charge-state assignment supports deconvolution and mass confirmation.
12 min · Jul 31, 2026
Peptide Mapping ExplainedHow enzymatic or chemical digestion and chromatographic analysis create a peptide fingerprint for identity and structural comparison.
11 min · Jul 31, 2026
Recovery Studies in Peptide AnalysisHow spike-recovery and process-recovery experiments reveal losses from extraction, adsorption, filtration, and matrix effects.
11 min · Jul 31, 2026
Robustness Testing for Peptide MethodsHow deliberate small method changes identify critical parameters and operating ranges in peptide analysis.
10 min · Jul 31, 2026
Ruggedness and Intermediate PrecisionHow analysts, instruments, days, columns, and laboratories contribute to real-world method variability.
12 min · Jul 31, 2026
Sample Preparation for Peptide AnalysisHow dissolution, dilution, filtration, adsorption, stability, and container selection influence analytical results.
10 min · Jul 31, 2026
Signal-to-Noise in Chromatographic TestingHow baseline noise and analyte signal affect sensitivity, detection limits, and low-level peptide impurity measurements.
12 min · Jul 31, 2026
System Suitability Testing for Peptide MethodsHow system-suitability criteria verify that an HPLC or LC-MS system is ready to generate acceptable peptide data.
11 min · Jul 31, 2026
UPLC vs. HPLC for Peptide AnalysisA practical comparison of HPLC and UPLC for peptide purity, impurity profiling, transfer, speed, pressure, and method performance.
10 min · Jul 31, 2026
UV Detection in Peptide HPLCHow peptide bonds and aromatic residues absorb ultraviolet light and how wavelength selection affects sensitivity and impurity response.